It is very complete, giving references not only to the Septuagint, but to other versions (Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion) in which the words occur, and showing by an index at the end the Hebrew or Chaldaic words to which the Greek words correspond. This important work remained the standard till quite lately. Though earlier attempts are heard of, the first printed concordance of the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) was that of Trommius, published in Amsterdam in 1718, in the author's 84th year. With it may be classed The Englishman's Hebrew and Chaldaic Concordance (1843 revised edition, 1876). In England, in 1754, appeared the valuable Hebrew Concordance, Adapted to the English Bible, by Dr. A later Hebrew Concordance in Germany is that of Solomon Mandelkern (1896). Concordantive Heb atque Chaldaic 1840 (English translation, Hebrew and Chaldean Concordance). It was improved by Calasio, a Franciscan friar (1621), and more thoroughly by John Buxtorf, whose Concordance was published by his son (1632). Both original and translation contained many errors. It went through several editions and was translated into Latin by Reuchlin the (1556). The earliest Hebrew concordance seems to have been that of Rabbi Mordecai ben Nathan (1438-48). Verse divisions were unknown till the time of Robert Stephens (1555). The words of passages, at first wanting, were inserted indeclinable particles were added alphabetic arrangement was employed.
Hugo's Concordance became the basis of others into which successive improvements were introduced. 500 monks are said to have been engaged upon its preparation. Jacobi from the monastery in which it was compiled. The first concordance of which we have actual knowledge is that of Hugo of Caro, Dominican monk and cardinal (died 1263). A Concordantiae Morales is attributed to Antony of Padua (died 1231). The oldest concordances date from the 13th century, and are based, as was then natural, upon the Latin Vulgate. Modern concordances are based upon the labors of previous generations. No single scholar could ever hope to produce a perfect work of the kind by his own efforts. The wonder rather is that the idea did not occur earlier than it did. The indispensableness of a good concordance for the proper study of the Bible is so apparent that it is not surprising that, since the idea was first conceived, much labor has been expended on the preparation of such works. Is customary in concordances of the English version to facilitate reference by giving not only single words, but also phrases under which several passages are grouped, and to make the work more useful by furnishing lists of Scripture proper names, with their meanings, and, in the larger works, references to the Hebrew or Greek words for which the English words stand. Textual criticism leads to modifications of the earlier concordances of the Hebrew and Greek texts. There are needed, besides, good concordances to the Apocrypha, alike in its the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) forms.
There are now, further, required concordances of the RVV of the English Old Testament and New Testament, as well as of the King James Version. D.) version (Latin) of the New Testament, as well as of the translations of the Scriptures into German, French and other living languages. The ordinary reader is naturally most familiar with concordances of the English Bible, but it will be seen that, for scholarly purposes, concordances are just as necessary for the Scriptures in their original tongues, and for versions of the Scriptures other than English There are required concordances of the Old Testament in Hebrew, of the New Testament in Greek, of the Septuagint version (Greek) of the Old Testament, of the Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A. These are seldom satisfactory, and a fuller work has in the end frequently to be resorted to. There are abridged concordances of the Bible which give only the most important words and passages. The merit of a concordance is obviously exhaustiveness and clearness of arrangement. Thus, in the verse: "Cast thy burden upon Yahweh" ( Ps 55:22), the reader will look in the concordance under the words "cast" or "burden," and there will find a reference to the text. The object of a concordance of Scripture is to guide the reader to any passage he is in search of by means of an alphabetical arrangement of the words found in Scripture, and the bringing together under each word of all the passages in which that word occurs. Concordances to the Hebrew Old Testamentħ.